SF Smile Doctor
Según nuestra metodología abierta, esta clínica obtuvo 63.9/100 en transparencia, reputación, accesibilidad del servicio y visibilidad digital.
Posición general: #6 de 15 clínicas clasificadas · Última comprobación: 2026-09-24
63.9/100
Posiciones por perfil de clasificación
- Transparencia y confianza global#663.9/100
- Para expatriados#560/100
- Para implantes dentales#159/100
- Para urgencias dentales#264.5/100
- Transparencia de precios#943.6/100
- Clínicas de habla inglesa#563.7/100
- Para familias y niñosno participa
- Odontología del sueño (anestesia general / sedación profunda)#163.9/100
Anestesia general y sedación profunda
Si la clínica documenta tratamientos bajo anestesia general o sedación profunda / crepuscular — la «odontología del sueño», en la que el paciente duerme y no percibe nada (no siente, ve ni oye el procedimiento). La sedación consciente ordinaria, en la que el paciente permanece despierto y receptivo, no cuenta aquí. Es información orientativa y no afecta a la puntuación de transparencia.
- ✓ Anestesia general / sedación profunda (odontología del sueño) — Anestesia general / sedación profunda documentada Anesthesia-options page describes twilight IV sedation: 'puts patients into a sleeplike state' and 'some patients may be asleep while others will slip in and out of sleep', alongside conscious nitrous/oral options. [sf-smile-doctor-sedation]
Resumen
Consulta dental de estética e implantología en Union Square dirigida por el Dr. Sassan Kafayi, que ofrece implantes y cirugía guiada por robot. El sitio web indica al dentista, los servicios y fotos de la consulta. Los precios no están publicados.
Prices not published (USD). Yomi robotic-guided implant surgery noted.
Puntos fuertes
- Transparencia de la información: 20 de 20 puntos.
- Reputación y reseñas: 17 de 20 puntos.
- No se identificaron señales de alerta en las fuentes públicas.
Puntos débiles
- Transparencia de precios: 0 de 15 puntos verificables (falta: precios o rangos de precios publicados; precio de la limpieza indicado; precio del empaste indicado; precio de la corona indicado; precio del implante indicado; precio de la consulta indicado; precio de la radiografía / imagen indicado)
Desglose de la puntuación
Cada criterio a continuación se evalúa a partir de fuentes públicas. ✓ verificado: sí · ✗ verificado: no / no encontrado · ◐ parcial · ? sin verificar (0 puntos, no es un hallazgo negativo).
Transparencia de la información
20 / 20
Si los datos básicos sobre la clínica — su equipo, sus instalaciones, sus servicios y su ubicación — son públicamente verificables.
| ✓ | Tiene un sitio web operativo The clinic's website, sfsmiledoctor.com, presents its dentist, team, treatments, hours and contacts. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] | 4/4 |
| ✓ | Se indican los nombres de los dentistas The clinic's website names its dentist, Dr. Sassan Kafayi, DDS. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-2] [sf-smile-doctor-doclic] | 3/3 |
| ✓ | Se indican las especializaciones de los dentistas Dr. Kafayi's page gives his DDS (University of the Pacific, 1994), a two-year TMJ and occlusion program and his focus on implant dentistry. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-2] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Fotografías reales de la clínica The clinic's "Our Facility" page shows an office tour with photos of the practice. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-3] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Lista de servicios publicada The clinic's website lists its treatments, from fillings, crowns and root canals to implants, bone grafting, extractions and clear braces. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] | 3/3 |
| ✓ | Datos de contacto claros New-patient phone (415) 612-3426 and current-patient phone (415) 397-2244 on the clinic's website. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-4] [sf-smile-doctor-i9] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Versión del sitio web en inglés The clinic's website is in English. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Dirección y mapa publicados 450 Sutter St. Suite 2104 on the clinic's contact page, with an embedded Google map. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-4] | 2/2 |
Transparencia de precios
0 / 15
Si un paciente puede estimar los costes antes de la visita. Los rangos de precios publicados cuentan; no se exigen precios exactos.
| ✗ | Precios o rangos de precios publicados No price list: the clinic's website, read in full (about 60 pages, including its implant cost page), gives no price for any treatment. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-5] | 0/3 |
| ✗ | Precio de la limpieza indicado No cleaning price on the clinic's website, read in full. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-5] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Precio del empaste indicado No filling price on the clinic's website, read in full. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-5] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Precio de la corona indicado No crown price on the clinic's website, read in full. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-5] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Precio del implante indicado No implant price on the clinic's website, read in full. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-5] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Precio de la consulta indicado No consultation price on the clinic's website, read in full. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-5] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Precio de la radiografía / imagen indicado No X-ray price on the clinic's website, read in full. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-5] | 0/2 |
Reputación y reseñas
17 / 20
Señales públicas de reseñas. La valoración de Google se ajusta con una previa bayesiana (valoración 4.0, peso 25) para que un 5.0 con un puñado de reseñas no supere a un 4.8 con cientos.
| ◐ | Valoración de Google (ajustada de forma bayesiana) as of 2026-08-26 [sf-smile-doctor-deepen] | 5/6 |
| ◐ | Volumen de reseñas de Google as of 2026-08-26 [sf-smile-doctor-deepen] | 1.5/3 |
| ✓ | Frescura de las reseñas Most recent visible reviews dated 'a month ago' / '4 months ago' as of 2026-08-26. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen] | 3/3 |
| ✓ | La clínica responde a las reseñas Owner replied to a recent review about implant surgery. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-17] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Sin quejas recurrentes Only two 1-star reviews among 69; no shared theme. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-18] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Sin patrones de reseñas sospechosos 97.1% 5-star (not literal 100%); dates span 2017-2026; no burst pattern. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-13] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Presencia activa en Facebook Facebook page "Dr.Sassan Kafayi SF Smile Doctor" (about 640 followers), linked from the clinic's website and posting in September 2026. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-6] | 1/1 |
| ✗ | Presencia en TripAdvisor TripAdvisor search returns no matching business; no TripAdvisor link on site or GBP. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-14] | 0/0.5 |
| ✓ | Otras plataformas de reseñas Healthgrades profile of Dr. Sassan Kafayi at the clinic's suite, with no ratings yet; the clinic's website books through his Zocdoc page, which could not be opened for this check. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-7] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-8] [sf-smile-doctor-platforms] | 0.5/0.5 |
Infraestructura médica
11.5 / 15
El alcance del equipamiento y los servicios documentados públicamente. Mide la disponibilidad documentada, no la calidad clínica.
| ✓ | Radiografía en la clínica Dedicated technology page describes the practice's digital X-ray equipment. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-7] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | CBCT (imagen 3D) Implant pages document i-CAT cone beam 3D imaging (CBCT) used for planning [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-8] [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-9] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Implantología Dental implants, including full-mouth implants and robotic-guided surgery, have their own pages on the clinic's website. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-9] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Ortodoncia Dedicated clear-aligner orthodontics page for teens and adults. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-10] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Cirugía oral Tooth extractions and bone grafting have their own pages on the clinic's website. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-10] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-11] | 2/2 |
| ? | Odontología pediátrica | 0/1.5 |
| ✓ | Atención de urgencias Clinic's own page states emergency patients are welcome and seen as soon as possible [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-15] | 1.5/1.5 |
| ? | Trabaja con pacientes internacionales | 0/2 |
Comunicación y servicio
5 / 10
Cuán fácil es contactar con la clínica, obtener respuestas y reservar cita — especialmente para quienes no hablan el idioma local.
| ✗ | WhatsApp / LINE disponible No WhatsApp or LINE contact on the clinic's website, read in full: phone numbers and an online form only. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] | 0/2 |
| ? | Velocidad de respuesta | 0/1.5 |
| ✓ | Se habla inglés The clinic's website and forms are in English; its team page adds a staff member fluent in Mandarin and Cantonese. [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-12] | 2.5/2.5 |
| ✓ | Consulta previa a la visita posible Homepage smile-preview tool accepts an uploaded photo for assessment. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-11] | 1.5/1.5 |
| ✓ | Explicaciones claras de los servicios Each treatment has its own page explaining when it is needed and how it is done, e.g. extractions and implants. [sf-smile-doctor-i9-10] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-9] | 1/1 |
| ✗ | Horario de apertura conveniente Mon-Fri 8am-5pm, Sat/Sun closed (site matches GBP exactly). [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-12] | 0/1.5 |
Visibilidad en IA y buscadores
4 / 10
Si los pacientes encuentran la clínica al buscar — también a través de asistentes de IA. Se comprueba con consultas fijas: "best dentist San Francisco", "English speaking dentist San Francisco", "dental implants San Francisco", "emergency dentist San Francisco", "San Francisco dental clinic for expats".
| ✗ | Se menciona en la consulta: best dentist San Francisco [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-2] | 0/1 |
| ✗ | Se menciona en la consulta: English speaking dentist San Francisco [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-3] | 0/1 |
| ✓ | Se menciona en la consulta: dental implants San Francisco [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-4] | 1/1 |
| ✗ | Se menciona en la consulta: emergency dentist San Francisco [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-5] | 0/1 |
| ✗ | Se menciona en la consulta: San Francisco dental clinic for expats [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-6] | 0/1 |
| ✓ | Datos estructurados en el sitio web JSON-LD Organization schema present on the homepage. [sf-smile-doctor-deepen-16] | 1.5/1.5 |
| ? | Calidad de la indexación en Google | 0/2 |
| ✓ | Páginas de servicios individuales Each treatment on the clinic's website has its own page (implants, extractions, bone grafting and others). [sf-smile-doctor-i9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-9] [sf-smile-doctor-i9-10] | 1.5/1.5 |
Licencias y profesionales
Si la clínica publica su licencia de funcionamiento y los dentistas que trabajan en ella con sus números de licencia profesional. Un «no publicado» verificado se registra como señal de alerta (red flag); los datos aún no comprobados se muestran como no verificados y no conllevan penalización.
Licencia de actividad de la clínica: aún no contrastado con fuentes públicas — no verificado, sin penalización
Dentistas y sus licencias
| Dentista | Especialización | N.º de licencia | Notas |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Sassan Kafayi, DDS [sf-smile-doctor-doclic] | Dental implants, cosmetic and restorative dentistry | 43024 | Número de licencia dental de California tal como el dentista lo declara en el registro federal NPI (NPI 1619140787); tomado de ese registro, no del Dental Board of California. |
Señales de alerta
No se identificaron señales de alerta en las fuentes públicas que revisamos.
Datos que no pudimos verificar
- Infraestructura médica: Odontología pediátrica
- Infraestructura médica: Trabaja con pacientes internacionales
- Comunicación y servicio: Velocidad de respuesta
- Visibilidad en IA y buscadores: Calidad de la indexación en Google
Los elementos sin verificar obtienen 0 puntos, pero no se consideran hallazgos negativos. Si puede documentar alguno de ellos, por favor envíe una corrección.
Información de contacto
| Sitio web | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/ |
|---|---|
| Teléfono | (415) 612-3426 |
| https://www.facebook.com/DrSassanKafayi/ | |
| Google Maps | Ficha en el mapa |
| Dirección | 450 Sutter St. Suite 2104, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA |
Los datos de contacto se proporcionan únicamente para su identificación y pueden cambiar; verifíquelos directamente con la clínica.
Fuentes
| ID | Fuente | Qué respalda | Fecha de acceso |
|---|---|---|---|
| sf-smile-doctor-doclic | https://npiregistry.cms.hhs.gov/provider-view/1619140787 | NPPES record for SASSAN KAFAYI, DDS (NPI 1619140787, status Active) lists CA taxonomy 'Dentist' with license 43024, practice address 450 Sutter St Suite 2104, San Francisco - exact match to the clinic's address. | 2026-08-25 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen | https://www.google.com/maps/place/Implant+SF+-+Dr.+Sassan+Kafayi+DD… | Google rating 4.9 (69 reviews) as of 2026-08-26 for 'Implant SF - Dr. Sassan Kafayi DDS', 450 Sutter St Ste 2104 (same dentist/address as SF Smile Doctor; implantsf.com 301-redirects to sfsmiledoctor.com). | 2026-08-26 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-2 | search:best dentist San Francisco | AI/search visibility scout 2026-08-26: not present in top results | 2026-08-26 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-3 | search:english speaking dentist San Francisco | AI/search visibility scout 2026-08-26: not present in top results | 2026-08-26 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-4 | search:dental implants San Francisco | AI/search visibility scout 2026-08-26: Local-pack listing 'Implant SF - Dr. Sassan Kafayi DDS', 450 Sutter St Ste 2104 (same dentist/address as SF Smile Doctor) in the top results. | 2026-08-26 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-5 | search:emergency dentist San Francisco | AI/search visibility scout 2026-08-26: not present in top results | 2026-08-26 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-6 | search:dentist for expats San Francisco | AI/search visibility scout 2026-08-26: not present in top results | 2026-08-26 |
| sf-smile-doctor-sedation | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/anesthesia-options/ | Page describes IV sedation reaching a 'twilight sleep' state, drifting in and out of sleep, with amnesic effects ('some patients may be asleep while others will slip in and out of sleep'), distinct from lighter nitrous/oral sedation also offered. | 2026-08-26 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-7 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/dental-implants/implant-technologies/ | Page text: "Digital X-Rays: Digital x-rays offer more precision since we view the image on a computer monitor... 1/6th the radiation exposure." | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-8 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/dental-implants/ | Implants page: "i-CAT® Cone Beam 3D Imaging The i-CAT system uses advanced 3D cone beam CT technology" | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-9 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/dental-implants/implant-procedure-expecta… | Page text: "We utilize an intraoral scanner and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) machine to capture crystal-clear images of your mouth and bone structure" | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-10 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/clear-braces/ | Dedicated page: "Clear braces offer a virtually invisible way to align your teeth using a custom-made series of clear, removable aligners... ideal for both teens and adults." | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-11 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/ | Homepage feature "Smile Design Preview: Upload a recent photo of yourself..." plus persistent "Schedule Consultation" calls to action sitewide. | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-12 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/contact-us/ | Page text: "Office Hours Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm, Saturday - Sunday Closed." Matches Google Business Profile hours exactly. | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-13 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=12346299476487598367&hl=en | Google listing 2026-09-24: 67/69 (97.1%) 5-star, not literal 100%; review dates across both sorts span 2017-2026; reviewer histories vary (1, 4, 13, 3, 2 reviews incl. a Local Guide) - no burst pattern. | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-14 | https://www.tripadvisor.com/TypeAheadJson?action=API&query=Implant%… | TripAdvisor's own typeahead search returned zero matching business results (unrelated "SF"-named attractions/hotels/restaurants worldwide); no TripAdvisor link on site or Google listing. | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-15 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/dental-implants/implant-procedure-expecta… | Page text: "Office Hours: Monday – Friday, 8am to 5pm Emergency patients are welcome and will be seen as soon as possible." | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-16 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/ | Homepage JSON-LD @graph includes {"@type":"Organization","@id":".../#organization","name":"SF Smile Doctor"}. | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-17 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=12346299476487598367&hl=en | Google listing 2026-09-24: owner reply dated 2026-07-30: "Thank you so much for this review. It was a pleasure to do your surgery, and host a colleague." | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-deepen-18 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=12346299476487598367&hl=en | Google listing 2026-09-24: histogram shows 2/69 at 1-star. Em Milia (2017) describes rudeness/lack of explanation; Toni Rivera (2025) left no text - no repeated theme demonstrated. | 2026-09-24 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/ | The clinic's website, read 2026-10-01 (about 60 pages: menu, treatment, patient-center and blog pages): a treatment menu covering dental implants (All-on-4, Yomi robotic surgery), fillings, crowns, bridges, dentures, root canals, bone grafting, tooth extractions, sedation, bonding, veneers, whitening and clear braces, each with its own page; new-patient phone (415) 612-3426 and current-patient phone (415) 397-2244; 450 Sutter St. Suite 2104; hours Monday to Friday 8:00am-5:00pm; links to its Facebook and Instagram pages; no price figure on any page and no WhatsApp or LINE contact | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-2 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/about-us/meet-the-teamdr-sassan-kafayi/ | Page "Meet the Doctor", read 2026-10-01: Sassan Kafayi, DDS - Doctorate of Dental Surgery from the University of the Pacific (1994), part-time faculty there, two-year F.A.C.E. program in TMJ and bite (occlusion), expanding his work in implant dentistry | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-3 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/our-facility/ | Page "Our Facility", read 2026-10-01: an office tour with a video and a dozen photos of the practice (Office1-Office6, office-1 to office-6) | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-4 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/contact-us/ | Page "Contact Us", read 2026-10-01: phone numbers, the address 450 Sutter St. Suite 2104, San Francisco, CA 94108, with an embedded Google map, and office hours Monday to Friday 8:00am-5:00pm | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-5 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/dental-implants/implant-cost/ | Page "Cost & Compare" (cost of dental implants), read 2026-10-01: compares dentures, implant-supported dentures and full-mouth implants by relative cost ("moderate", "highest") and describes financing, a cash discount and insurance billing, with no dollar figure | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-6 | https://www.facebook.com/DrSassanKafayi/ | Facebook page "Dr.Sassan Kafayi SF Smile Doctor", San Francisco, category General Dentist, read 2026-10-01: 643 followers; linked from the clinic's website; newest post dated 2026-09-30 | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-7 | https://www.zocdoc.com/practice/dr-sassan-kafayi-dds-72883 | Zocdoc practice page of Dr. Sassan Kafayi, DDS, linked from the clinic's website (read 2026-10-01); the Zocdoc page itself could not be opened for this check, so its reviews were not counted | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-8 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/patient-center/ | Page "Patient Center", read 2026-10-01: a "book online" button linking the practice's Zocdoc page (zocdoc.com/practice/dr-sassan-kafayi-dds-72883) | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-9 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/dental-implants/ | Page "Dental Implants", read 2026-10-01: implant treatment, full-mouth implants and the planning technology used | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-10 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/patient-center/tooth-extractions/ | Page "Tooth Extractions", read 2026-10-01: when an extraction is needed and how it is done | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-11 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/patient-center/bone-grafting/ | Page "Bone Grafting", read 2026-10-01: bone grafting before implant placement | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-i9-12 | https://sfsmiledoctor.com/about-us/meet-the-team/ | Page "Meet The Team", read 2026-10-01: the staff, including a team member fluent in English, Mandarin and Cantonese | 2026-10-01 |
| sf-smile-doctor-platforms | https://www.healthgrades.com/dentist/dr-sassan-kafayi-ygtpm | Healthgrades: profile of Dr. Sassan Kafayi, DDS, office at 450 Sutter St Rm 2104, San Francisco - the clinic's suite; no ratings yet (checked 2026-10-01) | 2026-10-01 |
Historial de cambios
| Fecha | Cambio |
|---|---|
| 2026-09-24 | Re-read on 2026-09-24: the clinic's website (full 56-page sitemap, including the implant, implant-technologies, clear-braces and contact pages) and its Google listing. Recorded: digital X-rays and i-CAT cone beam (CBCT) imaging on site, clear-aligner orthodontics, emergency patients accepted, a photo-submission smile-preview feature, and Monday-Friday office hours with no evening or weekend availability. The clinic's Google listing appears under an alternate name ("Implant SF - Dr. Sassan Kafayi DDS") linking to a second domain, confirmed today to redirect to the same website, with the same address and patient phone line. Google rating remains 4.9 from 69 reviews, with an owner reply on file and no signs of review manipulation. No TripAdvisor listing found. |
| 2026-08-26 | Recorded sedation / general anaesthesia availability (informational): documented as available. Anesthesia-options page describes twilight IV sedation: 'puts patients into a sleeplike state' and 'some patients may be asleep while others will slip in and out of sleep', alongside conscious nitrous/oral options. |
| 2026-08-26 | Deepen 2026-08-26: rechecked website/contacts/Google reputation via live Google Maps visit (rating 4.9, 69 reviews) and operating status; added external sources (Maps place page + NPPES registry citations); ran 5-query AI/search visibility scout; no uncited sources existed to triage. Google Business Profile now surfaces under the name 'Implant SF - Dr. Sassan Kafayi DDS' / implantsf.com, which 301-redirects to the same sfsmiledoctor.com site - same practice, no site change needed. |
| 2026-08-25 | License verification 2026-08-25 against NPPES NPI Registry: Dr. Sassan Kafayi found with CA license 43024 and exact practice-address match. No clinic-level NPI found under two business-name variants. |
| 2026-07-08 | Initial data collection. |
¿Una pregunta o una corrección?
¿Tiene una pregunta, una sugerencia o una corrección para esta página? Póngase en contacto: leemos todos los mensajes. Las correcciones de datos verificadas se contrastan con las fuentes y se aplican con un registro público en el historial de cambios.